Philosophical Concepts

Absurdism

Philosophy acknowledging the conflict between human need for meaning and the universe's indifference. Camus's The Myth of Sisyphus articulates absurdism's central problem: should we commit philosophical suicide (religion/philosophy) or physical …

Nihilism

Philosophy asserting that life lacks inherent meaning, purpose, or value. Nihilism questions traditional morality, religion, and metaphysical claims. Nietzsche's proclamation "God is dead" captures nihilism's challenge to Western values. Types …

Stoicism

Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy teaching virtue, reason, and acceptance of fate. Stoicism divides world into what is within our control (judgments, desires, actions) and what is not (external events). …

Existentialism

Philosophical movement emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice. Existentialism asserts that existence precedes essence—humans create their own meaning through choices and actions. Key figures include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and …