Hegemony
Gramscian concept of ideological dominance that appears natural and inevitable. Hegemony operates through consent rather than coercion. Ruling class maintains power by shaping common sense and culture. Counter-hegemony challenges dominant ideology. Cultural institutions (media, education) reproduce hegemony. Hegemony explains why oppressed accept their oppression. Differs from simple domination by appearing voluntary. Struggle occurs in civil society, not just state. Hegemony is never total—contains contradictions enabling resistance. Concept applied to gender, race, imperialism.
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