Alienation
Marxist concept of workers' estrangement from products, labor, species-being, and others under capitalism. Workers don't own products of labor, experiencing them as alien. Labor becomes mere means to survival rather than fulfillment. Alienation from species-being: creative essence is denied. Social relations become instrumental. Hegel analyzed consciousness alienated from itself. Existentialists describe alienation from authentic self. Overcoming alienation requires changing social structures. Modern alienation includes technology, consumerism, bureaucracy. Restoration of wholeness as political and existential goal.
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