Confucianism
Chinese ethical and philosophical system based on teachings of Confucius. Emphasizes filial piety, social hierarchy, ritual propriety (li), and benevolence (ren). Education and self-cultivation develop moral character. Five relationships structure society hierarchically but with reciprocal duties. Ancestor veneration maintains family continuity. Confucianism shaped East Asian culture, education, and government for millennia. Criticized for conservatism and hierarchy. Neo-Confucianism incorporated Buddhist and Taoist elements. Modern relevance debated.
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