Stoicism
Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy teaching virtue, reason, and acceptance of fate. Stoicism divides world into what is within our control (judgments, desires, actions) and what is not (external events). Key figures include Zeno, Epictetus, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. The philosophy emphasizes emotional resilience, duty, and living according to nature. Stoic practices include negative visualization, memento mori, and focusing on the present. Modern Stoicism has revived these practices for practical wisdom and mental health.
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Marcus Aurelius
Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher whose Meditations offer timeless wisdom on virtue and resilience. Aurelius's …
Seneca
Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist who wrote extensively on ethics and practical wisdom. Seneca's …
Meditations
Marcus Aurelius's personal reflections, written during military campaigns, offer Stoic wisdom on virtue, rationality, and …
Epictetus
Greek Stoic philosopher born into slavery who taught that freedom comes from within. Epictetus's teachings, …
Stoic maxim on adversity
Stoic maxim on adversity
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. Known for concepts like …
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. Known for concepts like …
The Genealogy of Morals
Nietzsche's polemical work traces the origin of moral concepts like good and evil, guilt and …