Immanuel Kant
German philosopher who synthesized rationalism and empiricism in his critical philosophy. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason revolutionized epistemology and metaphysics, while his categorical imperative transformed ethical theory. His ideas on autonomy, dignity, and perpetual peace influenced political philosophy and human rights. Kant's systematic approach and rigorous methodology established him as a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Immanuel Kant
German philosopher who revolutionized epistemology and ethics. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason established limits of …
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Critique of Pure Reason
Kant's foundational work establishes limits of human knowledge and synthetic a priori judgments. Through transcendental …
Rationalism
Epistemological view that reason is primary source of knowledge, independent of experience. Rationalists like Descartes, …
Idealism
Metaphysical view that reality is fundamentally mental or experiential. Berkeley's subjective idealism: to be is …
Categorical Imperative
Kant's central ethical principle: act only according to maxims you could will as universal law. …
Existentialism
Philosophical movement emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice. Existentialism asserts that existence precedes essence—humans create …
Empiricism
Epistemological view that knowledge comes from sensory experience. Empiricists like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume reject …
Pragmatism
American philosophical tradition holding that truth is what works in practice. Pragmatists like Peirce, James, …
The Phenomenology of Spirit
Hegel's foundational work traces the development of consciousness from sense-certainty to absolute knowledge. Through dialectical …