Immanuel Kant
German philosopher who revolutionized epistemology and ethics. Kant's Critique of Pure Reason established limits of human knowledge and synthetic a priori judgments. His categorical imperative provided deontological ethics foundation. Kant's work on autonomy, dignity, and reason shaped Enlightenment thought. Never left Königsberg yet influenced global philosophy.
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Immanuel Kant
German philosopher who synthesized rationalism and empiricism in his critical philosophy. Kant's Critique of Pure …
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Critique of Pure Reason
Kant's foundational work establishes limits of human knowledge and synthetic a priori judgments. Through transcendental …
Rationalism
Epistemological view that reason is primary source of knowledge, independent of experience. Rationalists like Descartes, …
Categorical Imperative
Kant's central ethical principle: act only according to maxims you could will as universal law. …
Idealism
Metaphysical view that reality is fundamentally mental or experiential. Berkeley's subjective idealism: to be is …
Existentialism
Philosophical movement emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice. Existentialism asserts that existence precedes essence—humans create …
Ethics
Spinoza's geometrical proof of God-Nature identity, determinism, and freedom through understanding. Written in Euclidean format …
Empiricism
Epistemological view that knowledge comes from sensory experience. Empiricists like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume reject …
The Other
Philosophical concept of otherness and the fundamentally different. Levinas emphasized the Other's face makes ethical …